At birth the skull is normally closed, but has so-called sutures (not ossified), which hold together the various parts of the skull bone can expand under the pressure of brain development, until to reach normal size and normal forms.
The premature craniosynostosis are determined by welding (ossification) of one or more of these sutures between the bones that make up the skull and often the changes are already well evident at birth.
the brain during the first year of life tripled its volume and the signs and symptoms of craniosynostosis are related to the fact that it is not allowed the brain to develop normally, and this process begins in the womb.
In a sense, the expansion of the brain is blocked by a suture prematurely ossified (welded), found an outlet in other directions where the expansion is ensured by the presence of cranial sutures and in this way create asymmetries of the skull and facial. Therefore we will first of all abnormal conformations, as well as the skull, including the face (craniofacial anomalies), interesting nose, mouth and eye socket, which will have various defects difficult to explain to non-physicians. We
eg exophthalmos (eyes out), strabismus, abnormal set ears, abnormal jaw and teeth, hypoplasia of the maxillary (upper jaw smaller than the other side) may be present in airway obstructive disorders, ranging by modest degrees of adenoids and enlarged tonsils or nasal deviation, until you get to emergencies respiratory obstruction or abnormalities of the trachea and cleft palate (failure welding the two parts of the palate) or atresia (closure) of the nasal choanae. We are talking about signs and symptoms of all, taken together, the craniosynostosis in their various types and their different expressions of gravity. In severe cases will also be signs of neuromotor delay and hydrocephalus. A second suture
concerned we have Trigonocephaly (triangular appearance of the forehead), plagiocephaly (flattening of the fronto-parietal region with compensatory deformity on the other hand, may be associated with deviation of the nasal pyramid and flattening of the zygomatic region side plagiocephaly ) Scafocefalia (which has stopped the growth process of the skull in width while having a compensatory growth in length), Brachycephaly (short head and large), turricephaly (skull pointed or cone) and so on.
In some cases there may be cases in which individual complex cranial disorders, described above, may be associated in various ways. What is most important is not so much smaller head circumference but rather the asymmetry and craniofacial deformation.
In some cases, the craniosynostosis is part of a situation more complex malformation that also affects other districts other than the cranio-facial surgery (heart, hands, feet, etc.). And that involves chromosomal alterations. Often necessary for sophisticated investigations (CT, scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging) to define the case and, in severe cases of synostosis (welding of the bones), the type of therapy is neurosurgery.
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